Filippo Levi received the master’s degree in physics from the University of Turin, Turin, Italy, in 1992, and the Ph.D. degree in metrology from the Politecnico di Torino, Torino, in 1996. Since 1995, he has been with the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Torino, where he is currently a Research Director leading the time and frequency activities. His main research interests include microwave and optical atomic frequency standards. In 1998, and then again from 2004 to 2005, he was a Guest Researcher with the Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, to study application of laser-cooling technique to atomic frequency standards.