His initial work involved ion channeling studies of impurities in crystals, ion implantation to form electronic devices and radiation damage in materials. He was involved in the introduction of integrated circuit (IC) fabrication at IBM, especially the use of ion implantation to make doped semiconductor junctions. This led to work in IC device design and the conversion of discrete component technology to equivalent IC circuit replication. His 1979 paper suggesting that cosmic rays were a substantial contributor to electronic reliability has become the benchmark in the analysis of system reliability of terrestrial electronics.