My research focuses on the connections and interactions between ocean chemistry, biology and climate perturbations that relate to significant changes in oxygen concentrations. This work integrates geochemical, sedimentological and biological data to inform mapping and numerical modeling to understand the timing and spatial extent of major climatic perturbations. Untangling the biochemical evolution of early Earth and major climatic events is important to understand the ties to the biotic record. Understanding the timing and feedback mechanisms during oceanic (de)oxygenation events may give insight into future climate change; however, the picture remains unclear.