I study plant biology in tropical forests. My interests include plant demography, interactions among plants and animals, and relationships between plants, climate and other physical environmental factors. My approaches include forest experiments, comparative studies over natural and artificial gradients, and long-term observational studies coupled with meteorological monitoring. Key questions include how tropical plants time important events such as flowering, leaf development and leaf fall in response to environmental cues and how hundreds of species coexist in small areas of humid tropical forest.