My general research interest is in health psychology with a focus on addictive behaviors. Tobacco use and dependence is responsible annually for 6 million preventable deaths worldwide, and approximately one third of all cancer mortality. Therefore, our primary focus is in this area. Our laboratory uses two convergent research approaches. One is human laboratory research on addiction motivation, focusing on affective and cognitive variables involved in drug use and relapse. Variables studied include affective state, outcome expectancies, task persistence, cue reactivity, and self-control. We have also used laboratory models to examine the association between tobacco use and other constructs such as pain, body image, and racial discrimination. The second approach involves large-scale treatment-outcome studies in which basic theory and research are applied to smoking cessation and relapse prevention. Treatment strategies investigated include: cue exposure, coping skills training, supportive counseling, cognitive mood-management therapies, and pharmacotherapies. We have also been investigating cost-effective minimal interventions for relapse-prevention. We have developed a series of "Forever Quit" booklets that appear to produce substantial improvements in smoking cessation and reductions in smoking relapse, and we have begun to extend this research to special populations at particular risk for smoking relapse, such as pregnant/postpartum women and underserved populations. We have also recently been conducting descriptive, experimental, and intervention research on electronic cigarettes.