My research interest is the modeling and understanding of the global climate system and ocean-atmosphere-land interaction, with application to climate change and climate variability of the past, present and future. My research projects consist of two parts. The first is the modeling of climate variability of seasonal to interdecadal time scales, and the second is the modeling of climate changes of the last glacial/interglacial cycles and future global warming. I am also interested in the dynamics of the general oceanic circulation and, more generally, the geophysical fluid.