Use of Prostate Systematic and Targeted Biopsy on the Basis of Bi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Biopsy-Naïve Patients

Objectives To explore the performance of targeted biopsy (TB) in combination with systematic biopsy (SB) in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in biopsy naive patients. Methods From May 2018 to January 2020, 230 biopsy-naive men with suspicious bi-parametric MRI [bpMRI; Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score >= 3] were enrolled. All patients had prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of 20 ng/ml or less. For each patient, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed. The primary endpoint was the detection rate of CSPC [clinically-significant PCa, International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (ISUP GG) 2 or higher tumors]. The secondary endpoints were the detection rates of CIPC (clinically insignificant PCa, ISUP GG 1 tumors). Results CSPC was detected in 90 patients. Twelve (13.33%) of them were detected by TB only and 18 (20.00%) by SB only. Detection of CSPC by SB and TB did not differ significantly (p = .36). In 4.35% of 230 patients, CSPC would have been missed if we performed SB only, and in 6.09% of patients if we performed TB only. Moreover, combination of TB and SB did not increase the detection of CIPC. Conclusions No significant difference was found in the detection of CSPC between TB and SB; however, both techniques revealed substantial added value and combination of TB and SB could further improve this detection rate without increasing the detection of CIPC.