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    • 典型能源开发区灰尘金属元素的空间分布特征、来源与健康风险

    Yanan ZHAO,Xiaoping LI,Tao YANG,Xuemeng SUN,Dongying LIU,Ting WU,Yuwei AI,Yue CAI,Li LI,Hongtao YU

    Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae（2018）

    Cited 7|Views9
    Abstract
    以陕蒙接壤处典型煤炭开采与加工区的地表灰尘和煤矸石作为研究对象,按照随机布点取样的原则共采集研究区域灰尘样品93个,含煤矸石样品10个.采用GIS空间分析、污染生态负荷指数、人群健康风险评价等方法,对该地区灰尘中的As、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、V、Zn 10种金属元素含量、空间分布、环境污染及其儿童与成人的健康风险进行研究与评估,并借助富集系数和XRD分析对灰尘中金属元素的累积与来源进行了探析.研究结果表明研究区域地表灰尘中Co、Hg、Pb、V的平均浓度值均超过了陕西省土壤背景值,其中Hg与Co污染较重.中小型煤矿和运煤路线区域的金属元素含量在空间分布上具有较大值.煤炭开采区灰尘和煤矸石中金属元素As、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、V、Zn、Co、Hg和Pb浓度分布特征和富集系数分布较为相似,通过富集系数与XRD分析表明灰尘中的这些元素更倾向于来自煤矸石的碎屑粉末,特别是中小煤矿的开采、运输和煤矸石堆放等要引起相关部门的高度重视.虽然该地区的总体污染水平暂时处于无污染状态,但小型煤矿和运煤路段附近的污染负荷明显偏高.从总体上看,灰尘中金属元素对该地区成人和小孩不存在非致癌风险,致癌风险也是在可接受的范围内,但小型煤矿聚集区与包府公路路段存在儿童不可耐受的健康风险.相比之下,金属元素对儿童的风险均大于成人(除Co外),而Cr非致癌风险的贡献较大,As、Cr、Ni均存在一定程度致癌风险(致癌总风险指数TCR值相对其它元素较大),尤其是元素Ni与Cr,应该引起足够重视.
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    • Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
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    【要点】：本文研究了典型能源开发区尘埃中痕量元素的空间分布特征、来源及其健康风险，发现Hg和Co的平均浓度超过陕西省土壤背景值，且小型至中型煤矿区域和煤炭运输线路存在痕量元素热点。
    

    【方法】：通过GIS技术、生态污染负荷指数（EPLI）和USEPA健康风险评估模型分析痕量元素（As、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、V和Zn）的分布、生态风险和健康风险，并利用富集因子（EFs）和XRD分析识别尘埃和煤矸石中痕量元素的来源。
    

    【实验】：在陕西和内蒙古交界处的典型煤炭开采区收集了93个样品，通过富集因子和XRD分析，确定了尘埃中痕量元素的来源与当地煤矸石有关。EPLI评估结果显示研究区域整体污染水平较低，但小型至中型煤矿附近污染负荷显著较高。健康风险评估显示，除Co外，儿童暴露风险高于成人，Cr对非致癌风险贡献较大。尽管致癌风险在可接受范围内，但As、Cr和Ni的致癌风险相对较高，尤其是Ni和Cr。