2017年5月7日广州极端强降水对流系统结构、触发和维持机制
Meteorological Monthly（2018）
Abstract
2017年5月7日,广州市增城区新塘镇等地出现了小时雨量超过180 mm、3 h雨量超过330 mm的极端强降水事件(简称"5·7"极端强降水事件),导致了严重的经济损失.这次过程的高强度降水分为两个主要阶段:花都区降水和增城区降水,每个阶段的强降水均集中在2~3 h内,最大分钟级降水达到了5 mm的强度,增城区新塘镇184.4 mm的极端小时雨量中约120 mm的雨量是在05:30—06:00的半小时内产生的.地闪监测显示,对流发展的第一阶段伴有较少的负地闪,第二阶段仅伴有几个闪电.雷达和卫星资料显示,强降水对流系统具有空间尺度小,发展迅速的特征;但发展成熟阶段的反射率因子大值区和卫星低TBB区在空间上出现明显偏离.强倾斜上升气流可能是造成反射率因子大值区和卫星低TBB区空间偏离的原因.雷达资料垂直剖面显示,对流具有回波顶高较低、云底高度低、强回波质心低等低质心暖云降水的特征.地势分布和辐射降温是花都北部低温中心的主要成因,大尺度弱冷空气和冷中心伴随的地形的共同作用,使得偏南暖湿气流向北移动受阻后,在花都地形的强迫抬升下触发了对流.偏南暖湿气流的持续输送、花都地形的阻挡和冷池的作用是01—03时对流维持的主要原因,弱冷空气的南下对03—04时对流系统的快速南移起到了重要作用,而冷池驱动的对流发展模型可以解释增城地区05—06时对流的较长时间维持.弱的环境引导气流和偏南暖湿气流使得高效的低质心、高效率强降水对流系统较长时间影响同一局地区域,从而导致了花都和增城两地局地极端强降水的出现.
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Key words
extremely severe rainfall,structure,triggering and maintenance mechanism,low-echo-centroid warm cloud precipitation,terrain effect
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