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    • Power Hardware-in-the-Loop-Based Performance Analysis of Different Converter Controllers for Fast Active Power Regulation in Low-Inertia Power Systems

    Jose Rueda Torres,Zameer Ahmad,Nidarshan Veera Kumar,Elyas Rakhshani,Ebrahim Adabi,Peter Palensky,Mart van der Meijden

    Energies（2021）SCI 4区

    Delft Univ Technol

    Cited 3|Views5
    Abstract
    Future electrical power systems will be dominated by power electronic converters, which are deployed for the integration of renewable power plants, responsive demand, and different types of storage systems. The stability of such systems will strongly depend on the control strategies attached to the converters. In this context, laboratory-scale setups are becoming the key tools for prototyping and evaluating the performance and robustness of different converter technologies and control strategies. The performance evaluation of control strategies for dynamic frequency support using fast active power regulation (FAPR) requires the urgent development of a suitable power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) setup. In this paper, the most prominent emerging types of FAPR are selected and studied: droop-based FAPR, droop derivative-based FAPR, and virtual synchronous power (VSP)-based FAPR. A novel setup for PHIL-based performance evaluation of these strategies is proposed. The setup combines the advanced modeling and simulation functions of a real-time digital simulation platform (RTDS), an external programmable unit to implement the studied FAPR control strategies as digital controllers, and actual hardware. The hardware setup consists of a grid emulator to recreate the dynamic response as seen from the interface bus of the grid side converter of a power electronic-interfaced device (e.g., type-IV wind turbines), and a mockup voltage source converter (VSC, i.e., a device under test (DUT)). The DUT is virtually interfaced to one high-voltage bus of the electromagnetic transient (EMT) representation of a variant of the IEEE 9 bus test system, which has been modified to consider an operating condition with 52% of the total supply provided by wind power generation. The selected and programmed FAPR strategies are applied to the DUT, with the ultimate goal of ascertaining its feasibility and effectiveness with respect to the pure software-based EMT representation performed in real time. Particularly, the time-varying response of the active power injection by each FAPR control strategy and the impact on the instantaneous frequency excursions occurring in the frequency containment periods are analyzed. The performed tests show the degree of improvements on both the rate-of-change-of-frequency (RoCoF) and the maximum frequency excursion (e.g., nadir).
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    fast active power-frequency control,PHIL,decoupled renewable power generation,frequency stability assessment
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    【要点】：本文提出了一种基于功率硬件在环（PHIL）的实验设置，用于评估不同类型快速主动功率调节（FAPR）控制策略在低惯性电力系统中的性能，重点研究了droop-based、droop derivative-based和虚拟同步机（VSP）-based三种FAPR策略。
    

    【方法】：通过结合实时数字仿真平台（RTDS）、外部可编程单元（用于实施FAPR控制策略的数字控制器）以及实际硬件，构建了用于性能评估的PHIL实验设置。
    

    【实验】：在实验中，使用了一个电网模拟器来重现从电网侧转换器接口总线观察到的动态响应，并使用一个模拟电压源转换器（VSC，即测试对象）作为硬件设置。VSC被虚拟连接到IEEE 9节点测试系统电磁暂态（EMT）模型的某个高压总线，该系统经过修改以模拟52%的总供电来自风力发电的运行条件。将选定的FAPR策略应用于DUT，分析不同策略下主动功率注入的时间变化响应以及它们对频率波动期内的瞬时频率偏移的影响。测试结果表明，FAPR策略在改善频率变化率（RoCoF）和最大频率偏移（例如最低点）方面具有显著效果。
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