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草甸草原放牧场退化定量评估指标体系建立

Scientia Agricultura Sinica(2021)

Cited 2|Views25
Abstract
[背景]内蒙古草原是我国北方重要的天然生态屏障,其中草甸草原处于森林向草原过渡地带,在我国温性草甸草原是一种非常宝贵的自然再生资源.且内蒙古草原在我国温性草甸草原所占比例最大,其中大部分是放牧场.放牧是人类影响草地生态系统最主要的方式之一,过度的放牧会导致草原群落发生逆行演替,草地的生产性能不断降低,从而限制了草地畜牧业的稳定发展.[目的]全面准确及时地评估放牧场退化状况,为维护和促进草地可持续利用提供支持.[方法]通过总结草地放牧场退化演替规律及驱动机制,采用层次分析、专家调查以及比较矩阵分析方法,构建了内蒙古草甸草原放牧场退化指标体系,包括地上生物量、盖度、平均高度、植物种数、枯落物量、退化指示植物比例、土壤有机碳含量、土壤容重共8个指标.基于评估综合指数模型的建立,提出对照基准指标的参数,利用定量评估的综合指数反映草甸草原放牧场退化的整体状况.同时,探讨和研究了内蒙古草甸草原放牧场退化定量评估指标体系构建及其技术方法,以呼伦贝尔谢尔塔拉控制放牧试验为基础,对该方法进行了评估验证.[结果]研究得出内蒙古草甸草原放牧场评价指标体系的8项指标权重由大到小依次为地上生物量、盖度、平均高度、退化指示植物比例、植物种数、枯落物量、土壤有机碳含量、土壤容重增加比例.草甸草原退化分级可以分为未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化4个等级,当放牧等于零或很轻的放牧状态时草地属于未退化草地范围.当放牧为90%以上时草原属于重度退化草地范围.[结论]基于上述研究,建议在今后的研究中进行更长时期的探讨,对基准参考值做进一步的完善和更新,对放牧场退化评估指标体系更加完善和成熟有利,可以为放牧场退化定量评估提供依据.
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