走滑断裂分段叠置区物理模拟及构造差异性解析 ——以塔里木盆地顺北1号断裂为例
Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition)（2022）
Abstract
走滑断裂分段叠置区通常包括拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区,其形成及演化与油气藏关系密切,其内部构造特征对油气运聚具有重要影响.塔里木盆地顺托果勒地区顺北1号断裂叠置区分段发育特征明显,油气勘探表明,拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区对油气运聚的控制能力有一定差异.在分析构造特征的基础上,对走滑断裂拉分叠置区和挤压叠置区开展了物理模拟实验研究,结果显示,拉分叠置区内发育有多组里德尔(R)剪切和压剪性(P)剪切,在叠置区内多组断裂组成一套平面范围较小、垂向断距较大的雁列地堑系统;挤压叠置区内仅发育一组R剪切、P剪切及单条共轭里德尔(R')剪切,并在叠置区内形成平面范围较大、垂向断距较小的地垒.因此认为,基底断裂的几何形态、运动性质是控制叠置区发育类型的关键因素.叠置区内断裂发育的数量、规模均受控于总走滑量,并与之呈正相关.相较于挤压叠置区,拉分叠置区的断层数更多,分布更密且地层破碎变形程度更高.在构造特征及力学机制上,拉分叠置区均表现出更强的油气富集潜力.
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