关中平原不同土壤类型猕猴桃园根系空间分布特征
China Fruits（2022）
Abstract
为了探明陕西省关中平原猕猴桃适生区的不同土壤类型(周至县斑斑黑油土、杨凌区红油土)猕猴桃园根系分布的情况,以期为猕猴桃园合理高效的生态调控措施提供科学依据.在周至县和杨凌区选取2个猕猴桃园(以下简称果园A和果园B),以8年生猕猴桃树为研究对象,采用根钻法,对不同径向距离(株间75 cm、行间30 cm、行间100 cm)的土壤剖面进行分层取样,对根长密度、根表面积密度和根系干质量密度进行测定,探究根系空间分布特征.结果表明,果园A尽管平均根长密度比果园B高81.7％,平均根表面积密度比果园B高54.2％,但是由于以细根为主,所以平均根系干质量密度比果园B低13.9％.果园A根系主要分布在距树干0～75 cm水平范围内的0～40 cm土层中,其中猕猴桃树定植带内(株间75 cm)根系最为密集;果园B根系主要分布在距树干0～75 cm水平范围内的0～60 cm土层中,以40～60 cm根系尤其是大根径根系最为密集.猕猴桃根系在红油土(果园B)的垂直分布范围比在斑斑黑油土(果园A)更深,水平分布范围则更窄,说明土壤类型对根系生长发育有一定程度的影响.根系在黏重土壤中的分布呈现出表层化、细根化的特征,是其为了提高水分和养分吸收能力的演化,尽管根系浅表化也会使根系面临更不稳定的土壤表层环境(温度、湿度等)的影响.采取适当的土壤生态环境调控措施,营造良好的根系生长环境,是猕猴桃园高效和丰产的关键.
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