直流滤波电容器心子振动机理及特性研究
Power Capacitor & Reactive Power Compensation（2022）
华北电力大学
Abstract
直流滤波电容器是高压直流输电换流站噪声的主要来源之一,因此有必要对其振动机理及特性进行研究.直流滤波电容器在交直流复合激励下,其心子内部电介质薄膜表面将产生极化电荷和弛豫电荷,同时介质薄膜表面还存在一定数量级的静电电荷.本文结合电容器工作时场路耦合模型,研究在直流电压分量存在的情况下,心子内部介质薄膜表面的极化电荷、静电电荷和弛豫电荷以及电容器金属极板上的自由电荷对电容器所受电场力的影响.以此为基础对一滤波电容器心子的振动特性进行了仿真计算与实验.结果表明:心子内部介质薄膜表面存在少量静电荷,在交直流激励稳定工作时,介质表面产生极化电荷和驰豫电荷,由于极化电荷是成对的,对于介质受力基本没有影响,驰豫电荷与静电荷分布在电介质薄膜上下表面,且上下表面电荷量相等,极性相反,导致介质受力平衡.电容器金属极板在交直流复合作用下将储存一定量的稳恒电荷和随时间变化的电荷,这两部分电荷在交变电场中使金属极板受力,致使心子的振动不仅包含激励电压交流分量基波和谐波频率的两倍频、和频和差频分量,还包含与激励电压交流分量基波和谐波同频的振动分量,且此同频振动分量的幅值与激励电压的直流分量呈线性关系.
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