Frontier: Exploring Exascale The System Architecture of the First Exascale Supercomputer
SC23: International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis（2023）
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Abstract
As the US Department of Energy (DOE) computing facilities began deploying petascale systems in 2008, DOE was already setting its sights on exascale. In that year, DARPA published a report on the feasibility of reaching exascale. The report authors identified several key challenges in the pursuit of exascale including power, memory, concurrency, and resiliency. That report informed the DOE's computing strategy for reaching exascale. With the deployment of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Frontier supercomputer, we have officially entered the exascale era. In this paper, we discuss Frontier's architecture, how it addresses those challenges, and describe some early application results from Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility's Center of Excellence and the Exascale Computing Project.
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Key words
System Architecture,Center Of Excellence,Department Of Energy,Parallelization,Nuclear Reactors,Programming Environment,Cosmological,Figure Of Merit,Memory Capacity,Dark Matter,Caching,Dragonfly,Peak Performance,Author Reports,Computing Nodes,Parallel Efficiency,Straw Man,Strong Scaling,Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics,Domain Decomposition,Small Files,Operating System,Multiple Scattering,Directed Networks,Critical Challenge,Per Cycle,Clock Frequency,Ethernet
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