Wheat Straw and Microbial Inoculants Have an Additive Effect on N2O Emissions by Changing Microbial Functional Groups
European Journal of Soil Science（2024）
National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment | Nanjing Agr Univ | Univ Western Australia
Abstract
Straw-decomposing microbial inoculants (MIs) have been increasingly applied to straw-amended soils. However, the interactive effects and underlying microbial mechanisms of straw and decomposing MIs on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions remain unclear. Here, a pot experiment with an Aquic Inceptisol was conducted to determine soil N2O emissions and the abundance and composition of microbial functional genes under six amendments: wheat straw (W), Bacillus subtilis MI (B), Streptomyces rochei MI (S), a combination of straw and B. subtilis MI (WB), a combination of straw and S. rochei MI (WS), and a control without wheat straw or MI (C). Compared with the control, the amendments of straw, decomposing MIs, and their combinations decreased soil N2O emissions by 43%, 22-30%, and 46-60%, respectively. Mechanistically, the positive relationship between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and soil potential nitrification rate (PNR), along with decreased AOB abundance (-36%) following straw and decomposing MI amendments, further suggested that AOB predominated soil nitrification and was responsible for the suppressed nitrification. In addition, straw amendment increased nirK gene abundance (by 48%) and potential denitrification rate (by 11%), while the increase in nosZI gene abundance (+25%) involved in N2O consumption contributed to the decrease in N2O emissions. Overall, the additive effect of straw and decomposing MIs on soil N2O emissions was associated with two amendment-induced changes in the abundance and composition of AOB and straw-stimulated the abundance of the nosZI gene. Our results revealed the potential for mitigating N2O emissions following the amendments of straw and MI by influencing soil N2O-related microbial groups.
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Key words
microbial gene abundance,microbial inoculant,nitrous oxide,straw
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