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Self-triggered Strong-Field QED Collisions in Laser-Plasma Interaction

Physical Review Research(2025)

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Abstract
Exploring quantum electrodynamics in the most extreme conditions, where electron-positron pairs can emerge in the presence of a strong background field, is now becoming possible in Compton collisions between ultraintense lasers and energetic electrons. In the strong-field regime, the colliding electron emits γ rays that decay into pairs in the strong laser field. While the combination of conventional accelerators and lasers of sufficient power poses significant challenges, laser-plasma accelerators offer a promising alternative for producing the required multi-GeV electron beams. To overcome the complexities of colliding these beams with another ultraintense laser pulse, we propose a novel scheme in which a single laser pulse both accelerates the electrons and collides with them after self-focusing in a dedicated plasma section and reflecting off a plasma mirror. The laser intensity boost in the plasma allows the quantum interaction parameter to be greatly increased. Using full-scale numerical simulations, we demonstrate that a single 100 J laser pulse can achieve a deep quantum regime with electric fields in the electron rest frame as high as χ_e∼ 5 times the Schwinger critical field, resulting in the production of about 40 pC of positrons.
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要点】:本文提出了一种新的实验方案,利用单个激光脉冲在等离子体中自聚焦加速电子,并通过等离子体镜实现自我碰撞,从而在极端条件下探索量子电动力学现象,实现了高量子参数下的强场QED效应和电子-正电子对的产生。

方法】:作者通过设计一种新型实验方案,即利用单个高能激光脉冲在特定等离子体区域中加速电子,并在经过自聚焦和反射后与电子发生碰撞,以此来实现强场下的量子电动力学效应。

实验】:通过全尺度数值模拟,作者展示了单个100焦耳的激光脉冲能够在等离子体中实现深量子态,其电子静止系中的电场强度达到χ_e∼5倍于Schwinger临界场,从而产生了大约40皮库仑的正电子。实验使用了专门的等离子体加速器和等离子体镜。