Strong Focusing Synchrotron

Particle Acceleration and Detection Understanding the Physics of Particle Accelerators（2024）

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Abstract

AbstractThis chapter introduces the strong focusing alternating gradient (AG) and separated function synchrotrons. It provides the theoretical material which the simulation exercises lean on. The chapter begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with beam optics, chromaticity, acceleration, resonances and resonant extraction, dynamical effects of synchrotron radiation (SR), the electromagnetic SR impulse, and depolarizing resonances. This resorts to basic charged particle optics, acceleration, and dynamics in magnetic fields introduced in the previous chapters. The simulation of a strong focusing AG synchrotron requires just two optical elements from library: DIPOLE or MULTIPOL to simulate a combined function dipole, and DRIFT to simulate straight sections. Main dipoles in a separated function synchrotron can use BEND. It requires in addition quadrupoles, simulated using QUADRUPO or MULTIPOL. The latter can simulate higher order lenses, which can otherwise resort to SEXTUPOL, OCTUPOLE, etc. Acceleration uses CAVITE. Accounting for synchrotron radiation (SR) energy loss requires SRLOSS. Monte Carlo SR monitoring can use SRPRNT, which logs data in zgoubi.res. SRPRNT[PRINT] in addition logs data in zgoubi.SRPRNT.Out. Computation of synchrotron radiation (SR) Poynting and spectral brightness uses . Particle monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous Chapters, including FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, possibly PICKUPS, and some others. Spin motion computation and monitoring resort to SPNTRK, SPNPRT, FAISTORE. Optics matching and optimization use FIT[2]. INCLUDE is used, mostly here in order to simplify the input data files. SYSTEM is used to, mostly, resort to gnuplot so as to end simulations with some specific graphs. Data for the latter are read from output files filled up during the execution of the code, such as zgoubi.fai (resulting from the use of FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL$$=$$ = 2), or other zgoubi.*.out files resulting from a PRINT command. Stepwise particle data logged in zgoubi.plt are used by the interface zpop to compute the electric field impulse of SR and subsequent spectral angular energy density of the radiation.

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【要点】：本文介绍了强聚焦交变梯度（AG）和分离功能同步加速器，并详细说明了其在粒子光学、色散性、加速、共振提取、同步辐射动力学效应等方面的理论，以及模拟这些过程的计算方法。

【方法】：文章采用基本带电粒子光学、加速和磁场动力学原理，通过使用模拟软件中的光学元件如DIPOLE、MULTIPOL、DRIFT、BEND、QUADRUPO、SEXTUPOL、OCTUPOLE等，以及CAVITE、SRLOSS、SRPRNT等关键字，进行强聚焦AG同步加速器和分离功能同步加速器的模拟。

【实验】：实验通过使用SRPRNT进行蒙特卡洛同步辐射监测，记录数据至zgoubi.res和zgoubi.SRPRNT.Out文件，并通过FAISCEAU、FAISTORE、PICKUPS等关键字进行粒子监测。使用SPNTRK、SPNPRT、FAISTORE计算和监测自旋运动。光学匹配和优化使用FIT[2]方法，并通过INCLUDE和SYSTEM简化输入数据文件和生成特定图形，如zgoubi.fai、zgoubi.plt等输出文件。通过zpop接口使用zgoubi.plt中的步进粒子数据计算同步辐射的电场脉冲和随后的辐射光谱角能量密度。