Simulating and Predicting Surface Water Quality for Drinking and Bathing Purposes Through Combined Approach of PCA, Entropy-Based WQI, and Stochastic Models
Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment（2024）
Abstract
Freshwater resources, specially surface water are under threat due to over extraction, discharge of pollutants and improper waste disposal. This study investigates the present status of water quality of the River Ganga at Varanasi, India and further predict its future status using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Entropy water quality index (EWQI) and Stochastic models. To begin with, water quality data of 37 variables for eleven years were acquired followed by which PCA was applied which reduced the number of water quality variables from 37 to 13. EWQI of River Ganga was calculated for drinking and bathing purposes by using these 13 variables. Most of the physico-chemical variables were within the permissible limit. The EWQI values were calculated for all the samples indicated that none of the water sample was suitable for drinking without treatment. However, 74.24
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Key words
Bathing,Drinking,Prediction,River water quality,Time series model
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