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Secure Beamforming for Continuous Aperture Array (CAPA) Systems

Mingjun Sun, Chongjun Ouyang, Zhaolin Wang, Shaochuan Wu,Yuanwei Liu

arXiv · Signal Processing(2025)

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Abstract
Continuous aperture array (CAPA) is considered a promising technology for 6G networks, offering the potential to fully exploit spatial DoFs and achieve the theoretical limits of channel capacity. This paper investigates the performance gain of a CAPA-based downlink secure transmission system, where multiple legitimate user terminals (LUTs) coexist with multiple eavesdroppers (Eves). The system's secrecy performance is evaluated using a weighted secrecy sum-rate (WSSR) under a power constraint. We then propose two solutions for the secure current pattern design. The first solution is a block coordinate descent (BCD) optimization method based on fractional programming, which introduces a continuous-function inversion theory corresponding to matrix inversion in the discrete domain. This approach derives a closed-form expression for the optimal source current pattern. Based on this, it can be found that the optimal current pattern is essentially a linear combination of the channel spatial responses, thus eliminating the need for complex integration operations during the algorithm's optimization process. The second solution is a heuristic algorithm based on Zero-Forcing (ZF), which constructs a zero-leakage current pattern using the channel correlation matrix. It further employs a water-filling approach to design an optimal power allocation scheme that maximizes the WSSR. In high SNR regions, this solution gradually approaches the first solution, ensuring zero leakage while offering lower computational complexity. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) CAPA-based systems achieve better WSSR compared to discrete multiple-input multiple-output systems. 2) The proposed methods, whether optimization-based or heuristic, provide significant performance improvements over existing state-of-the-art Fourier-based discretization methods, while considerably reducing computational complexity.
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要点】:本文针对连续孔径阵列(CAPA)系统在6G网络中的安全传输问题,提出两种优化方案以提升系统的加权保密和速率性能,实现更高的保密传输效率。

方法】:文中采用加权保密和速率(WSSR)作为性能评价指标,并提出基于分数规划的块坐标下降(BCD)优化方法和基于零迫(ZF)启发式算法,分别通过连续函数反演理论和信道相关矩阵设计最优源电流模式。

实验】:通过模拟实验验证了所提方法的有效性,实验使用的数据集未具体提及,结果显示CAPA系统相较于离散多输入多输出系统具有更好的WSSR,且所提方法在计算复杂度上优于现有基于傅里叶离散化的先进方法。