AaRgs2 Regulates Growth and Virulence of Alternaria Alternata by Maintaining Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Balance

Yuanping Nan, Miao Zhang,Yangyang Yang,Rong Li,Qianqian Jiang,Xuexue Wang,Yongcai Li,Yang Bi

Postharvest Biology and Technology（2025）

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Abstract

Regulator of G protein AaRgs2 plays an important role in vegetative growth, melanin production and secretion, stress response and appressorium-like formation in Alternaria alternata, the causal agent of pear black spot. Especially AaRgs2 is involved in A. alternata response to oxidative stress, however, its detailed regulatory mechanism is unclear. The regulatory function of AaRgs2 on ROS metabolism of A. alternata were systematically evaluated through target gene knockout technique. The results showed that deletion of AaRgs2 upregulated NADPH oxidase related genes expression, led to an increase in intracellular ROS content and inhibited the gowth of A. alternata, exogenous addition of NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI partially restored the growth of mutant ΔAaRgs2. In addition, down-regulated expression level of related detoxificated ROS enzymes genes including AaCAT, glutathione cycle and thioredoxin system-related enzyme genes were found in ΔAaRgs2 mutant. Correspondingly, deletion of AaRgs2 also resulted in a decrease in the ratios of GSH/GSSG and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) content. The high level of ROS in the mutant ΔAaRgs2 led to cell membrane damage by disrupting ergosterol synthesis and increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The Alternaria mycotoxin TEN was decreased in the mutant ΔAaRgs2. The virulence of mutant ΔAaRgs2 on pear and tomato fruit was reduced and the virulence of mutant ΔAaRgs2 treated with exogenous DPI was partially restored. The findings suggested that AaRgs2 might regulate growth and pathogenicity of A. alternata by maintaining ROS balance.

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Key words

Regulator of G protein,Fungi,ROS homeostasis,Cell membrane,Pathogenicity

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【要点】：论文发现AaRgs2基因通过维持活性氧物质（ROS）平衡，调节 Alternaria alternata 的生长和致病性，揭示了其详细的调控机制。

【方法】：通过目标基因敲除技术系统地评估了AaRgs2对Alternaria alternata ROS代谢的调节功能。

【实验】：实验中敲除AaRgs2基因，使用NADPH氧化酶抑制剂DPI处理，并检测了相关酶基因表达、ROS含量、细胞膜损伤指标以及病原菌对梨和番茄果实的致病性，数据集未在文中明确提及。