Performance Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of a Hybrid System Combining Reversible Solid Oxide Cell and Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Sheng Xu,Haibo Huo, Hongxiang Zhu,Kui Xu,Zhengling Lei,Jingxiang Xu,Xi Li

Energy Conversion and Management（2025）

Cited 0|Views6

Abstract

To meet the electricity, hydrogen, and freshwater demands of isolated island users, and coping with the intermittent and fluctuating nature of renewable energies, this paper proposes a hybrid system of combining a reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The rSOC technology is used to achieve energy time-shifting. The waste heat from the operation of rSOC is recovered through DCMD to improve the system’s overall performance and produce freshwater. A high-fidelity model of the rSOC-DCMD hybrid system is established and validated. Based on this model, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis including single-parameter sensitivity analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and multi-parameter sensitivity analysis was performed. The analysis results indicate that current density is the critical factor influencing system performance while fuel utilization and fuel mole fraction primarily affect operating costs. The air excess ratio is crucial for optimizing system efficiency and freshwater productivity by balancing parasitic power and waste heat, however, adjusting the feed flow rate can further improve performance by regulating the temperature of the seawater entering the DCMD. Additionally, spearman correlation analysis further quantifies the conflicting relationship between any two of the performance indicators in the electrolysis cell/fuel cell (EC/FC) mode. In both modes, minimizing operating costs shows a weak conflict with maximizing system efficiency (correlation coefficient < 0.1) but a strong conflict with maximizing freshwater yield (correlation coefficient > 0.3). Through multi-objective optimization and optimal point decision-making, the optimal solution for three performance indicators is identified at each power level, ensuring optimal hybrid system operation under any condition. As a result, within the full power range of the EC/FC mode, the hybrid system can achieve average system efficiencies of 82.2 %/76.6 %, average freshwater productivities of 6.56 kg/h/4.95 kg/h, and average operating costs of 4.69 RMB/h/10.1 RMB/h. This study can provide useful guidance for further research in the field of rSOC and water resource co-production.

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Key words

Reversible solid oxide cell,Direct contact membrane distillation,Waste heat recovery,Sensitivity analysis,Multi-objective optimization

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【要点】：本文提出了一种结合可逆固体氧化物电池（rSOC）与直接接触膜蒸馏（DCMD）的混合系统，实现了能量时间转移并利用废热提高系统性能及生产淡水，通过多目标优化确定了在不同功率水平下的最优性能指标。

【方法】：建立了rSOC-DCMD混合系统的高保真模型，并进行了单参数敏感性分析、Spearman相关性分析和多参数敏感性分析。

【实验】：在电解/燃料电池（EC/FC）模式下，通过实验验证了模型，并对系统性能进行了全面分析，最终在满功率范围内得到平均系统效率、淡水产量和运行成本的优化结果，所使用的数据集未在文本中明确提及。