白云岩坡地土壤与表层岩溶带强风化层耦合结构特征

TANG Xufang,FU Zhiyong, HUANG Yuhan,WANG Sheng,ZHAO Jie,CHEN Hongsong

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation（2025）

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Abstract

[目的]喀斯特区白云岩坡地植被恢复困难,石漠化治理难度大,其浅薄土层下伏的表层岩溶带深度参与生态系统过程,然而土壤与表层岩溶带二者的耦合发育关系尚不明确.[方法]选择典型白云岩山坡,在全坡面尺度上开展深入表层岩溶带强风化层底部的岩土探槽开挖试验,结合Kriging插值、地理加权回归分析等方法对土壤和表层岩溶带强风化层空间特征进行分析,初步探明白云岩坡地土壤与表层岩溶带强风化层间的空间耦合发育特征.[结果]1)白云岩坡地土壤和表层岩溶带强风化层厚度沿坡向下逐渐增加,坡地尺度上表层岩溶带强风化层平均厚度为50 cm,平均体积为0.47 m3/m2,占土壤全剖面总体积的43.9％,说明喀斯特区表层岩溶带的生态功能极其重要;2)白云岩坡地岩土结构呈极强的空间异质性,下伏表层岩溶带强风化层空间异质性(C+C0=18.88)显著高于上覆土壤层(C+C0=15.84);3)土壤总厚度,尤其是土壤B层厚度,与表层岩溶带风化程度呈显著正相关,说明土壤厚度的增加促进下伏表层岩溶带的风化,土壤和表层岩溶带强风化层间呈明显的耦合协同发育关系.[结论]喀斯特地区土壤和表层岩溶带强风化层协同演化,土壤层下伏的表层岩溶带可能是支撑喀斯特生态系统的重要介质,喀斯特水土资源的评估需要考虑除土壤以外的基岩风化层.土壤厚度及土壤发生层B层厚度可能成为预测喀斯特坡地表层岩溶带厚度的关键参数.

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Key words

karst critical zone,soil-epikarst system,karst ecosystems,karstification process,soil development

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【要点】：研究了白云岩山坡上土壤层与上层溶蚀层的空间耦合模式，揭示了土壤与溶蚀层之间的协同发展关系，强调了溶蚀层在岩溶地区生态系统中的重要性。

【方法】：通过挖掘法详细研究了代表性白云岩山坡的土壤-溶蚀层系统结构，并结合Kriging插值与地理加权回归分析探讨了不同介质层在土壤-溶蚀层系统中的空间分布特征。

【实验】：在白云岩山坡上进行实地挖掘，收集数据，并使用Kriging插值与地理加权回归分析方法，得出土壤与溶蚀层厚度随坡度增加而增加，溶蚀层空间异质性高于土壤层，且土壤厚度与溶蚀层风化程度显著正相关的结果。实验未明确提及使用特定数据集名称。