Lithium-Containing Hybrid SEI Layer Enabling High Mass Loading and Anode-Less Sodium Metal Batteries.

Li Xia,Liang Lin,Jiantao Li,Yinggan Zhang,Hongfei Zheng, Xiaoqing Chang, Jinding Liang,Baisheng Sa,Laisen Wang,Jie Lin,Dong-Liang Peng,Khalil Amine,Qingshui Xie

Angewandte Chemie (International ed in English)（2025）

Xiamen University | Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co.

Cited 0|Views2

Abstract

The continuous rupturing and rebuilding of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer during cycling would block Na+ diffusion and induce Na dendrite formation, ultimately limiting the practical application of high-energy-density sodium metal batteries. Herein, a hybrid SEI layer containing Li-species is dexterously constructed on the surface of sodium metal anode. Li-containing inorganic components (Li3N, LiF, and Li2CO3) are introduced to stabilize the Na/electrolyte interface and enhance the mechanical and diffusion kinetic properties of the SEI layer, which can reduce the side reactions and gas generation, regulate Na+ flux during cycling and promote rapid Na+ migration for uniform dendrite-free Na deposition. As a result, the constructed Na symmetric cells achieve low overpotential and long cycle life of 5900, 1800, and 500 h at current densities of 3, 10, and 30 mA cm-2, respectively. Furthermore, the full cells paired with the Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ cathode demonstrate high specific capacity and excellent cycle stability, even at an ultra-high cathode loading of 39.3 mg cm-2 and a low N/P ratio (negative/positive electrode capacity ratio of 1.21).

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【要点】：本文提出了一种含锂杂化固态电解质界面层，有效提高了无阳极钠金属电池的质量负载能力和循环稳定性，实现了高能量密度的应用。

【方法】：通过在钠金属阳极表面构建含锂的无机成分（Li3N、LiF和Li2CO3），增强了SEI层的机械性能和离子扩散动力学特性，以稳定Na/electrolyte界面，减少副反应和气体生成。

【实验】：实验中，构建的Na对称电池在3、10和30 mA cm^-2的电流密度下分别实现了5900小时、1800小时和500小时的长循环寿命，且全电池在39.3 mg cm^-2的超高阴极负载和1.21的低N/P比条件下，展现了高比容量和优异的循环稳定性。实验使用的数据集为实验过程中收集的电池性能数据。